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P80C31SBPN-P80C31SFAA-P80C32SBPN
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 128/256 byte RAM ROMless low voltage (2.7 V-5.5 V), low power, high speed (33 MHz)
Product specification
IC28 Data Handbook
2000 Aug 07
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
80C31/80C3280C51 8-bit microcontroller family
128/256 byte RAM ROMless low voltage (2.7V–5.5V),
low power, high speed (33 MHz)
DESCRIPTIONThe Philips 80C31/32 is a high-performance static 80C51 design
fabricated with Philips high-density CMOS technology with operation
from 2.7 V to 5.5 V.
The 80C31/32 ROMless devices contain a 128 × 8 RAM/256 ×8
RAM, 32 I/O lines, three 16-bit counter/timers, a six-source,
four-priority level nested interrupt structure, a serial I/O port for
either multi-processor communications, I/O expansion or full duplex
UART, and on-chip oscillator and clock circuits.
In addition, the device is a low power static design which offers a
wide range of operating frequencies down to zero. Two software
selectable modes of power reduction—idle mode and power-down
mode are available. The idle mode freezes the CPU while allowing
the RAM, timers, serial port, and interrupt system to continue
functioning. The power-down mode saves the RAM contents but
freezes the oscillator, causing all other chip functions to be
inoperative. Since the design is static, the clock can be stopped
without loss of user data and then the execution resumed from the
point the clock was stopped.
SELECTION TABLEFor applications requiring more ROM and RAM, see the 8XC54/58
and 8XC51RA+/RB+/RC+/80C51RA+ data sheet.
FEATURES 8051 Central Processing Unit
128 × 8 RAM (80C31)
256 × 8 RAM (80C32)
Three 16-bit counter/timers
Boolean processor
Full static operation
Low voltage (2.7 V to 5.5 V@ 16 MHz) operation Memory addressing capability
64k ROM and 64k RAM Power control modes:
Clock can be stopped and resumed
Idle mode
Power-down mode CMOS and TTL compatible TWO speed ranges at VCC = 5 V
0 to 16 MHz
0 to 33 MHz Three package styles Extended temperature ranges Dual Data Pointers 4 level priority interrupt 6 interrupt sources Four 8-bit I/O ports Full–duplex enhanced UART
Framing error detection
Automatic address recognition Programmable clock out Asynchronous port reset Low EMI (inhibit ALE) Wake-up from Power Down by an external interrupt
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
80C31/80C3280C51 8-bit microcontroller family
128/256 byte RAM ROMless low voltage (2.7V–5.5V),
low power, high speed (33 MHz)
80C51/87C51 AND 80C31 ORDERING INFORMATION
PART NUMBER DERIVATION
80C32 ORDERING INFORMATION
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
80C31/80C3280C51 8-bit microcontroller family
128/256 byte RAM ROMless low voltage (2.7V–5.5V),
low power, high speed (33 MHz)
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
80C31/80C3280C51 8-bit microcontroller family
128/256 byte RAM ROMless low voltage (2.7V–5.5V),
low power, high speed (33 MHz)
LOGIC SYMBOL
PIN CONFIGURATIONS
PLASTIC LEADED CHIP CARRIER PIN FUNCTIONS
PLASTIC QUAD FLAT PACK
PIN FUNCTIONS
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
80C31/80C3280C51 8-bit microcontroller family
128/256 byte RAM ROMless low voltage (2.7V–5.5V),
low power, high speed (33 MHz)
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
NOTE:To avoid “latch-up” effect at power-on, the voltage on any pin at any time must not be higher than VCC + 0.5 V or VSS – 0.5 V, respectively.
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
80C31/80C3280C51 8-bit microcontroller family
128/256 byte RAM ROMless low voltage (2.7V–5.5V),
low power, high speed (33 MHz)
Table 1. 8XC51/80C31 Special Function Registers
NOTE:Unused register bits that are not defined should not be set by the user’s program. If violated, the device could function incorrectly. SFRs are bit addressable. SFRs are modified from or added to the 80C51 SFRs. Reserved bits.
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
80C31/80C3280C51 8-bit microcontroller family
128/256 byte RAM ROMless low voltage (2.7V–5.5V),
low power, high speed (33 MHz)
OSCILLATOR CHARACTERISTICSXTAL1 and XTAL2 are the input and output, respectively, of an
inverting amplifier. The pins can be configured for use as an on-chip
oscillator, as shown in the logic symbol.
To drive the device from an external clock source, XTAL1 should be
driven while XTAL2 is left unconnected. There are no requirements
on the duty cycle of the external clock signal, because the input to
the internal clock circuitry is through a divide-by-two flip-flop.
However, minimum and maximum high and low times specified in
the data sheet must be observed.
ResetA reset is accomplished by holding the RST pin high for at least two
machine cycles (24 oscillator periods), while the oscillator is running.
To insure a good power-up reset, the RST pin must be high long
enough to allow the oscillator time to start up (normally a few
milliseconds) plus two machine cycles.
Stop Clock ModeThe static design enables the clock speed to be reduced down to
0 MHz (stopped). When the oscillator is stopped, the RAM and
Special Function Registers retain their values. This mode allows
step-by-step utilization and permits reduced system power
consumption by lowering the clock frequency down to any value. For
lowest power consumption the Power Down mode is suggested.
Idle ModeIn idle mode (see Table 2), the CPU puts itself to sleep while all of
the on-chip peripherals stay active. The instruction to invoke the idle
mode is the last instruction executed in the normal operating mode
before the idle mode is activated. The CPU contents, the on-chip
RAM, and all of the special function registers remain intact during
this mode. The idle mode can be terminated either by any enabled
interrupt (at which time the process is picked up at the interrupt
service routine and continued), or by a hardware reset which starts
the processor in the same manner as a power-on reset.
Power-Down ModeTo save even more power, a Power Down mode (see Table 2) can
be invoked by software. In this mode, the oscillator is stopped and
the instruction that invoked Power Down is the last instruction
executed. The on-chip RAM and Special Function Registers retain
their values down to 2.0 V and care must be taken to return VCC to
the minimum specified operating voltages before the Power Down
Mode is terminated.
For the 80C31 or 80C32, either a hardware reset or external
interrupt can be used to exit from Power Down. Reset redefines all
the SFRs but does not change the on-chip RAM. An external
interrupt allows both the SFRs and the on-chip RAM to retain their
values. WUPD (AUXR1.3–Wakeup from Power Down) enables or
disables the wakeup from power down with external interrupt.
Where:
WUPD = 0 Disable
WUPD = 1 Enable
To properly terminate Power Down the reset or external interrupt
should not be executed before VCC is restored to its normal
operating level and must be held active long enough for the
oscillator to restart and stabilize (normally less than 10 ms).
With an external interrupt, INT0 or INT1 must be enabled and
configured as level-sensitive. Holding the pin low restarts the
oscillator but bringing the pin back high completes the exit. Once the
interrupt is serviced, the next instruction to be executed after RETI
will be the one following the instruction that put the device into
Power Down.
For the 80C31, wakeup from power down is always enabled.
Design Consideration• When the idle mode is terminated by a hardware reset, the device
normally resumes program execution, from where it left off, up to
two machine cycles before the internal reset algorithm takes
control. On-chip hardware inhibits access to internal RAM in this
event, but access to the port pins is not inhibited. To eliminate the
possibility of an unexpected write when Idle is terminated by reset,
the instruction following the one that invokes Idle should not be
one that writes to a port pin or to external memory.
ONCE ModeThe ONCE (“On-Circuit Emulation”) Mode facilitates testing and
debugging of systems without the device having to be removed from
the circuit. The ONCE Mode is invoked by: Pull ALE low while the device is in reset and PSEN is high; Hold ALE low as RST is deactivated.
While the device is in ONCE Mode, the Port 0 pins go into a float
state, and the other port pins and ALE and PSEN are weakly pulled
high. The oscillator circuit remains active. While the 80C31/32 is in
this mode, an emulator or test CPU can be used to drive the circuit.
Normal operation is restored when a normal reset is applied.
Table 2. External Pin Status During Idle and Power-Down Modes
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
80C31/80C3280C51 8-bit microcontroller family
128/256 byte RAM ROMless low voltage (2.7V–5.5V),
low power, high speed (33 MHz)
Programmable Clock-OutA 50% duty cycle clock can be programmed to come out on P1.0.
This pin, besides being a regular I/O pin, has two alternate
functions. It can be programmed: to input the external clock for Timer/Counter 2, or to output a 50% duty cycle clock ranging from 61 Hz to 4 MHz at
a 16 MHz operating frequency.
To configure the Timer/Counter 2 as a clock generator, bit C/T2 (in
T2CON) must be cleared and bit T20E in T2MOD must be set. Bit
TR2 (T2CON.2) also must be set to start the timer.
The Clock-Out frequency depends on the oscillator frequency and
the reload value of Timer 2 capture registers (RCAP2H, RCAP2L)
as shown in this equation:
Oscillator Frequency (65536� RCAP2H, RCAP2L)
Where:
(RCAP2H,RCAP2L) = the content of RCAP2H and RCAP2L
taken as a 16-bit unsigned integer.
In the Clock-Out mode Timer 2 roll-overs will not generate an
interrupt. This is similar to when it is used as a baud-rate generator.
It is possible to use Timer 2 as a baud-rate generator and a clock
generator simultaneously. Note, however, that the baud-rate and the
Clock-Out frequency will be the same.
TIMER 2 OPERATION
Timer 2Timer 2 is a 16-bit Timer/Counter which can operate as either an
event timer or an event counter, as selected by C/T2* in the special
function register T2CON (see Figure 1). Timer 2 has three operating
modes:Capture, Auto-reload (up or down counting) ,and Baud Rate
Generator, which are selected by bits in the T2CON as shown in
Table 3.
Capture ModeIn the capture mode there are two options which are selected by bit
EXEN2 in T2CON. If EXEN2=0, then timer 2 is a 16-bit timer or
counter (as selected by C/T2* in T2CON) which, upon overflowing
sets bit TF2, the timer 2 overflow bit. This bit can be used to
generate an interrupt (by enabling the Timer 2 interrupt bit in the
IE register). If EXEN2= 1, Timer 2 operates as described above, but
with the added feature that a 1- to -0 transition at external input
T2EX causes the current value in the Timer 2 registers, TL2 and
TH2, to be captured into registers RCAP2L and RCAP2H,
respectively. In addition, the transition at T2EX causes bit EXF2 in
T2CON to be set, and EXF2 like TF2 can generate an interrupt
(which vectors to the same location as Timer 2 overflow interrupt.
The Timer 2 interrupt service routine can interrogate TF2 and EXF2
to determine which event caused the interrupt). The capture mode is
illustrated in Figure 2 (There is no reload value for TL2 and TH2 in
this mode. Even when a capture event occurs from T2EX, the
counter keeps on counting T2EX pin transitions or osc/12 pulses.).
Auto-Reload Mode (Up or Down Counter)In the 16-bit auto-reload mode, Timer 2 can be configured (as either
a timer or counter (C/T2* in T2CON)) then programmed to count up
or down. The counting direction is determined by bit DCEN (Down
Counter Enable) which is located in the T2MOD register (see
Figure 3). When reset is applied the DCEN=0 which means Timer 2
will default to counting up. If DCEN bit is set, Timer 2 can count up
or down depending on the value of the T2EX pin.
Figure 4 shows Timer 2 which will count up automatically since
DCEN=0. In this mode there are two options selected by bit EXEN2
in T2CON register. If EXEN2=0, then Timer 2 counts up to 0FFFFH
and sets the TF2 (Overflow Flag) bit upon overflow. This causes the
Timer 2 registers to be reloaded with the 16-bit value in RCAP2L
and RCAP2H. The values in RCAP2L and RCAP2H are preset by
software means.
If EXEN2=1, then a 16-bit reload can be triggered either by an
overflow or by a 1-to-0 transition at input T2EX. This transition also
sets the EXF2 bit. The Timer 2 interrupt, if enabled, can be
generated when either TF2 or EXF2 are 1.
In Figure 5 DCEN=1 which enables Timer 2 to count up or down.
This mode allows pin T2EX to control the direction of count. When a
logic 1 is applied at pin T2EX Timer 2 will count up. Timer 2 will
overflow at 0FFFFH and set the TF2 flag, which can then generate
an interrupt, if the interrupt is enabled. This timer overflow also
causes the 16–bit value in RCAP2L and RCAP2H to be reloaded
into the timer registers TL2 and TH2.
When a logic 0 is applied at pin T2EX this causes Timer 2 to count
down. The timer will underflow when TL2 and TH2 become equal to
the value stored in RCAP2L and RCAP2H. Timer 2 underflow sets
the TF2 flag and causes 0FFFFH to be reloaded into the timer
registers TL2 and TH2.
The external flag EXF2 toggles when Timer 2 underflows or
overflows. This EXF2 bit can be used as a 17th bit of resolution if
needed. The EXF2 flag does not generate an interrupt in this mode
of operation.
Table 3. Timer 2 Operating Modes
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
80C31/80C3280C51 8-bit microcontroller family
128/256 byte RAM ROMless low voltage (2.7V–5.5V),
low power, high speed (33 MHz)
Figure 1. Timer/Counter 2 (T2CON) Control Register
Figure 2. Timer 2 in Capture Mode
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
80C31/80C3280C51 8-bit microcontroller family
128/256 byte RAM ROMless low voltage (2.7V–5.5V),
low power, high speed (33 MHz)
Figure 3. Timer 2 Mode (T2MOD) Control Register
Figure 4. Timer 2 in Auto-Reload Mode (DCEN = 0)
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
80C31/80C3280C51 8-bit microcontroller family
128/256 byte RAM ROMless low voltage (2.7V–5.5V),
low power, high speed (33 MHz)
Figure 5. Timer 2 Auto Reload Mode (DCEN = 1)
Figure 6. Timer 2 in Baud Rate Generator Mode
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
80C31/80C3280C51 8-bit microcontroller family
128/256 byte RAM ROMless low voltage (2.7V–5.5V),
low power, high speed (33 MHz)
Baud Rate Generator ModeBits TCLK and/or RCLK in T2CON (Table 3) allow the serial port
transmit and receive baud rates to be derived from either Timer 1 or
Timer 2. When TCLK= 0, Timer 1 is used as the serial port transmit
baud rate generator. When TCLK= 1, Timer 2 is used as the serial
port transmit baud rate generator. RCLK has the same effect for the
serial port receive baud rate. With these two bits, the serial port can
have different receive and transmit baud rates – one generated by
Timer 1, the other by Timer 2.
Figure 6 shows the Timer 2 in baud rate generation mode. The baud
rate generation mode is like the auto-reload mode, in that a rollover
in TH2 causes the Timer 2 registers to be reloaded with the 16-bit
value in registers RCAP2H and RCAP2L, which are preset by
software.
The baud rates in modes 1 and 3 are determined by Timer 2’s
overflow rate given below:
Modes1 and3 Baud Rates� Timer2 Overflow Rate
The timer can be configured for either “timer” or “counter” operation.
In many applications, it is configured for “timer” operation (C/T2*=0).
Timer operation is different for Timer 2 when it is being used as a
baud rate generator.
Usually, as a timer it would increment every machine cycle (i.e., 1/12
the oscillator frequency). As a baud rate generator, it increments
every state time (i.e., 1/2 the oscillator frequency). Thus the baud
rate formula is as follows:
Oscillator Frequency
[32� [65536� (RCAP2H, RCAP2L)]]
Modes 1 and 3 Baud Rates =
Where: (RCAP2H, RCAP2L)= The content of RCAP2H and
RCAP2L taken as a 16-bit unsigned integer.
The Timer 2 as a baud rate generator mode shown in Figure 6, is
valid only if RCLK and/or TCLK = 1 in T2CON register. Note that a
rollover in TH2 does not set TF2, and will not generate an interrupt.
Thus, the Timer 2 interrupt does not have to be disabled when
Timer 2 is in the baud rate generator mode. Also if the EXEN2
(T2 external enable flag) is set, a 1-to-0 transition in T2EX
(Timer/counter 2 trigger input) will set EXF2 (T2 external flag) but
will not cause a reload from (RCAP2H, RCAP2L) to (TH2,TL2).
Therefore when Timer 2 is in use as a baud rate generator, T2EX
can be used as an additional external interrupt, if needed.
When Timer 2 is in the baud rate generator mode, one should not try
to read or write TH2 and TL2. As a baud rate generator, Timer 2 is
incremented every state time (osc/2) or asynchronously from pin T2;
under these conditions, a read or write of TH2 or TL2 may not be
accurate. The RCAP2 registers may be read, but should not be
written to, because a write might overlap a reload and cause write
and/or reload errors. The timer should be turned off (clear TR2)
before accessing the Timer 2 or RCAP2 registers.
Table 4 shows commonly used baud rates and how they can be
obtained from Timer 2.
Table 4. Timer 2 Generated Commonly Used
Baud Rates
Summary Of Baud Rate EquationsTimer 2 is in baud rate generating mode. If Timer 2 is being clocked
through pin T2(P1.0) the baud rate is:
Baud Rate� Timer2 Overflow Rate
If Timer 2 is being clocked internally, the baud rate is:
Baud Rate� fOSC
[32 �[65536 �(RCAP2H,RCAP2L)]]
Where fOSC= Oscillator Frequency
To obtain the reload value for RCAP2H and RCAP2L, the above
equation can be rewritten as:
RCAP2H,RCAP2L� 65536�� fOSC �Baud Rate�
Timer/Counter 2 Set-upExcept for the baud rate generator mode, the values given for
T2CON do not include the setting of the TR2 bit. Therefore, bit TR2
must be set, separately, to turn the timer on. See Table 5 for set-up
of Timer 2 as a timer. Also see Table 6 for set-up of Timer 2 as a
counter.
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
80C31/80C3280C51 8-bit microcontroller family
128/256 byte RAM ROMless low voltage (2.7V–5.5V),
low power, high speed (33 MHz)
Table 5. Timer 2 as a Timer
Table 6. Timer 2 as a Counter
NOTES: Capture/reload occurs only on timer/counter overflow. Capture/reload occurs on timer/counter overflow and a 1-to-0 transition on T2EX (P1.1) pin except when Timer 2 is used in the baud rate
generator mode.
Enhanced UARTThe UART operates in all of the usual modes that are described in
the first section of Data Handbook IC20, 80C51-Based 8-Bit
Microcontrollers. In addition the UART can perform framing error
detect by looking for missing stop bits, and automatic address
recognition. The 80C31/32 UART also fully supports multiprocessor
communication.
When used for framing error detect the UART looks for missing stop
bits in the communication. A missing bit will set the FE bit in the
SCON register. The FE bit shares the SCON.7 bit with SM0 and the
function of SCON.7 is determined by PCON.6 (SMOD0) (see
Figure 7). If SMOD0 is set then SCON.7 functions as FE. SCON.7
functions as SM0 when SMOD0 is cleared. When used as FE
SCON.7 can only be cleared by software. Refer to Figure 8.
Automatic Address RecognitionAutomatic Address Recognition is a feature which allows the UART
to recognize certain addresses in the serial bit stream by using
hardware to make the comparisons. This feature saves a great deal
of software overhead by eliminating the need for the software to
examine every serial address which passes by the serial port. This
feature is enabled by setting the SM2 bit in SCON. In the 9 bit UART
modes, mode 2 and mode 3, the Receive Interrupt flag (RI) will be
automatically set when the received byte contains either the “Given”
address or the “Broadcast” address. The 9 bit mode requires that
the 9th information bit is a 1 to indicate that the received information
is an address and not data. Automatic address recognition is shown
in Figure 9.
The 8 bit mode is called Mode 1. In this mode the RI flag will be set
if SM2 is enabled and the information received has a valid stop bit
following the 8 address bits and the information is either a Given or
Broadcast address.
Mode 0 is the Shift Register mode and SM2 is ignored.
Using the Automatic Address Recognition feature allows a master to
selectively communicate with one or more slaves by invoking the
SADDR are to b used and which bits are “don’t care”. The SADEN
mask can be logically ANDed with the SADDR to create the “Given”
address which the master will use for addressing each of the slaves.
Use of the Given address allows multiple slaves to be recognized
while excluding others. The following examples will help to show the
versatility of this scheme:
Slave 0 SADDR = 1100 0000
SADEN = 1111 1101
Given = 1100 00X0
Slave 1 SADDR = 1100 0000
SADEN =
Given = 1100 000X
In the above example SADDR is the same and the SADEN data is
used to differentiate between the two slaves. Slave 0 requires a 0 in
bit 0 and it ignores bit 1. Slave 1 requires a 0 in bit 1 and bit 0 is
ignored. A unique address for Slave 0 would be 1100 0010 since
slave 1 requires a 0 in bit 1. A unique address for slave 1 would be
1100 0001 since a 1 in bit 0 will exclude slave 0. Both slaves can be
selected at the same time by an address which has bit 0 = 0 (for
slave 0) and bit 1 = 0 (for slave 1). Thus, both could be addressed
with 1100 0000.
In a more complex system the following could be used to select
slaves 1 and 2 while excluding slave 0:
Slave 0 SADDR = 1100 0000
SADEN =
Given = 1100 0XX0
Slave 1 SADDR = 1110 0000
SADEN = 1111 1010
Given = 1110 0X0X
Slave 2 SADDR = 1110 0000
SADEN =
Given = 1110 00XX
In the above example the differentiation among the 3 slaves is in the
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
80C31/80C3280C51 8-bit microcontroller family
128/256 byte RAM ROMless low voltage (2.7V–5.5V),
low power, high speed (33 MHz)
and 1 and exclude Slave 2 use address 1110 0100, since it is
necessary to make bit 2 = 1 to exclude slave 2.
The Broadcast Address for each slave is created by taking the
logical OR of SADDR and SADEN. Zeros in this result are trended
as don’t-cares. In most cases, interpreting the don’t-cares as ones,
the broadcast address will be FF hexadecimal.
Upon reset SADDR (SFR address 0A9H) and SADEN (SFR
address 0B9H) are leaded with 0s. This produces a given address
of all “don’t cares” as well as a Broadcast address of all “don’t
cares”. This effectively disables the Automatic Addressing mode and
allows the microcontroller to use standard 80C51 type UART drivers
which do not make use of this feature.
Figure 7. SCON: Serial Port Control Register
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
80C31/80C3280C51 8-bit microcontroller family
128/256 byte RAM ROMless low voltage (2.7V–5.5V),
low power, high speed (33 MHz)
Figure 8. UART Framing Error Detection
Figure 9. UART Multiprocessor Communication, Automatic Address Recognition
